Dynamic Hysteresis and Scaling Behavior of Energy Density in Pb 0.99 Nb 0.02 [( Zr 0.60 Sn 0.40 ) 0.95 Ti 0.05 ] O 3 Antiferroelectric Bulk Ceramics

The evolution of dynamic hysteresis of lead zirconate titanate stannate antiferroelectric bulk ceramics at various frequencies ( f ) and field amplitudes ( E 0 ) has been investigated systematically. A series of asymmetrical minor loops were observed when the working fields were slightly lower than the forward switching field E AF . As E 0 increased above E AF , symmetrical double loops appeared and their energy densities w against f and E 0 were found to be fit the scaling behavior as w f − 0.02 ( E 0 − E c ) 0.08 , where E c representing the threshold field is designated as E AF . The study is helpful to application of antiferroelectrics as energy‐storage capacitors.