Key result
Genome-edited stem cell therapies utilizing TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 offer a promising strategy to overcome the low engraftment and survival rates of traditional stem cells in ischemic heart disease.
Why the study?
Low engraftment and survival rates limit clinical stem cell therapy for repairing damaged cardiomyocytes in ischemic heart disease, which may be addressed by genome-editing technologies.
Genome-editing technologies hold potential to overcome the limitations of low engraftment and survival rates in stem cell therapies for ischemic heart disease.
Cardiomyocyte death pathways remain incompletely mapped; leaves open targeted interventions in ischemic heart disease.
Massive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model.
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Cho et al. (2021) conducted a review in Ischemic Heart Disease. Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy was evaluated. Genome-edited stem cell therapies utilizing TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 offer a promising strategy to overcome the low engraftment and survival rates of traditional stem cells in ischemic heart disease.
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