Soil metal immobilization and ryegrass uptake of lead, copper and zinc as affected by application of organic materials as soil amendments in a short‐term greenhouse trial

Green waste compost, peat, coir and wood bark were applied to metal‐contaminated mine waste at the rates of 1%, 10% and 20% on dry weight basis, and perennial ryegrass grown over a period of 6 weeks. Addition of amendments led to increased biomass yield in all soils when compared with the non‐amended soil. EDTA extractable Pb, Cu and Zn was significantly reduced in amended soil, while leaf and root metal concentrations were also significantly reduced by the application of amendments, especially at applied rates of 10% and 20%. Coir, green waste compost and wood bark stood out as amendments which were consistent in reducing soil extractable and plant tissue Pb, Cu and Zn; while peat rates above 10% enhanced solubility of Cu and Zn because of a lowering of the soil pH.