A convergent asymmetric disproportionation of dihydroquinoxalines for the synthesis of chiral tetrahydroquinoxalines using a metal/Brønsted acid relay catalysis system has been developed. The use of hydrogen gas as the reductant makes the convergent disproportionation an ideal atom-economical process. A dramatic reversal of enantioselectivity was observed in the reduction of quinoxalines because of the different steric demands in the 1,2- and 1,4-hydride transfer pathways.
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Chen et al. (2011) studied this question.
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