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Marine envenomation is common worldwide. The current first aid and medical treatments of envenomation discussed include stingray, stonefish, sea snakes and cone shells, as well as treatments for Chironex box jellyfish, Irukandji and other stinging jellyfish. Not all current recommended first‐aid treatments have been proven but most have a sound basis and appear effective. Further research is current.
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Peter J. Fenner (2000) studied this question.
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