Photocatalytic degradation of Crystal Violet dye in aqueous media using a novel magnetic nanocomposite Ag 2 CrO 4 /ag/ZnFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 : Characterization, response surface methodology, kinetic and energy consumption studies

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In this research, a nanocomposite called AAZG-NCPs was synthesized and analyzed. The nanocomposite showed a surface area of 10.57 ± 0.31 m2/g, a pore size of 0.07299 ± 0.002 cm3/g, and ferromagnetic properties with a magnetization of 3.9 ± 0.12 emu/g. Its band gap energy was found to be 2 ± 0.1 eV. The surface charge of the synthesized AAZG-NCPs was determined to be −29 ± 0.6 mV. A pHZPC value of 6.6 ± 0.04 was calculated using the salt addition method. The photocatalytic activity and optimization of the Crystal violet (CV) photodegradation process using synthesized AAZG-NCPs was investigated using Box Behnken design and Design Expert software. A polynomial equation was obtained for the experimental data, with a calculated R2, Adj-R2, and Pred-R2 values in the model were 0.998, 0.9977, and 0.9947 respectively, indicating a strong proportion between the model fitting and experimental data. The photocatalytic degradation of CV achieved a maximum efficiency of 98.7 ± 1% under optimum conditions at pH = 9, CV concentration of 5.7 mg/L, AAZG-NCPs amount of 0.075 g/L, and temperature of 40 °C under visible light. The kinetics study indicated a pseudo-first-order kinetics model with a rate constant of 0.0441 ± 0.002 min−1.