Covalent and Supramolecular Conjugates of Calixarenes with Some Fluorescent Dyes of the Xanthene Series

This review presents the systems with derivatives of calix[n]arenes and the commonly available fluorescent dyes of the fluorene series, such as rhodamines B, 6G, 123 and the fluorone series, such as fluorescein and eosin N. The first part of this review concerns the systems with the covalent immobilization of dyes on a macrocyclic platform and the principles of their design and potential application as chemosensors are considered. The second part of this review deals with the systems synthesized through “guest–host” supramolecular interactions and their use as chemo- and biosensors, whose operation is based on the principles of fluorescent dye liberation due to competitive complexation. The third part of the review is devoted to colloid systems with xanthene dyes. The use of dye-saturated colloid systems as chemosensors is considered, and the possibility of using the dyes as model guest molecules capable of concentrating in the hydrophobic layer of aggregates is shown alongside with their potentiality as a fluorescent probe for studying the aggregation processes.