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In summary, the role of the user group (staff) cannot be underestimated in the successful planning and designing of critical care units. Staff are the occupants of the new area and as such, have valuable input into the design of the space. Architects, planners, designers, and administrators are well advised to solicit this input early in the planning/design process. Critical care staff, as well, have a responsibility to participate in this process. Patients and staff will benefit greatly for a long period of time due to these joint efforts.
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T. Jane Swaim (1991) studied this question.
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