Dietary alpha-tocopherol and cannibalism together induce the giant, campanulate morphotype. Campanulates, unlike the two smaller female morphotypes, do not respond to alpha-tocopherol by forming male-producing offspring. Campanulate production probably is very significant ecologically, allowing a rapid, adaptive response to increased prey size and a rapid reproductive rate uninter-rupted by sexuality and consequent dormancy.
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John J. Gilbert (1973) studied this question.
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