Kernel density, a component of test weight, is not associated with variety when considering Eastern soft wheats Triticum aestivum L. em Thell. (aestivum group), but seems to be related to environment. Air spaces within the grain appear to be a major factor in determining kernel density. Packing efficiency (the percent of bulk volume occupied by grain), the second component of test weight, is associated with variety. Grain shape and surface characteristics such as humping, dorsal or lateral depressions, and wrinkling, cause variations in void space ratio; hence they directly affect random packing efficiency. These conclusions were based on results with normal, well‐filled grain; any appreciable shriveling of grain confounds varietal and environmental effects.
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Yamazaki et al. (1969) studied this question.