Image-Based Numerical Analysis for Isolated Type II SLAP Lesions in Shoulder Abduction and External Rotation

Figures

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  Figure 1. (A) Humerus presenting the epiphyseal sphere insertion and the metaphyseal cylinder front view, (B) model top view.

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  Figure 2. (A) Shoulder in the neutral position on the top view, (B) shoulder in the neutral position on the front view, (C) shoulder bones in the initial position on the front view.

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  Figure 3. Shoulder with the capsule divided into five sections according to their material.

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  Figure 4. (A) Glenohumeral capsule posterior view, (B) glenohumeral capsule anterior view.

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  Figure 5. (a) Front view, and (b) isometric view for the boundary conditions applied to the 3D model: uniformly distributed pressure caused by the synovial capsule (A), external rotation applied on the humerus in the axial direction (B), and labrum fixed boundary (C).

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  Figure 6. The glenoid labral division in time zones used to define subtypes of SLAP lesions. From 12 to 1: anterior SLAP, from 11 to 12: posterior SLAP, and from 11 to 1: anterior to posterior SLAP.

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  Figure 7. Maximum principal strain for the healthy glenohumeral joint and an injured joint (Isolated Type II SLAP lesion) at 30° with an anterior Isolated Type II SLAP.

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  Figure 8. Maximum principal strain distribution for the healthy glenohumeral joint and injured joint (Isolated Type II SLAP lesion) at 30° with an anterior Isolated Type II SLAP. The other three lesion cases have the same performance.