Type I Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Cardiovascular Complications of Influenza Virus Infection

Figures

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  Figure 1. The pulmonary severity of IAV is not increased in T1DM versus control male C57BL/6J mice at six days post-infection. (A) Percentage of original body weight over infection course in IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. (B) Arterial oxygen saturation percentage in IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. (C) Lung IAV viral copy number in IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. (D) Total lung histopathology scores in IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. Data are pooled from two experiments, the initial containing six mice per group and the repeat containing 3 mice per group. Statistical outliers were removed by ROUTS test (Q=1%). For graph (A), each data point represents the mean ± SEM of at least n=9 mice per group, for graphs (B, C), each data point represents one mouse with median ± IQR of at least n=5 per group, and for graph (D), each data point represents one mouse with mean ± SEM of at least n=9 mice per group. Statistical analysis was performed as described in “Methods”, being performed on untransformed data for graphs (B, C) as transforming did not achieve closer-to-normal distribution.

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  Figure 2. Increased markers of cardiac damage, and changes in left ventricular structure in IAV-infected T1DM versus control male C57BL/6J mice at six days post-infection. (A) Serum cardiac troponin I (CTNI) (ng/ml) in IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. (B) Serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) (ng/ml) in IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. (C) IAV viral copy number present in hearts of IAV- or mock-infected mice with and without T1DM. (D) Echocardiogram-derived left ventricular mass index in IAV-infected mice with and without T1DM. Data are pooled from two experiments, the initial containing six mice per group and the repeat containing 3 mice per group. Statistical outliers were removed by ROUTS test (Q=1%). Each data point represents one mouse with at least n=6 per group and mean ± SEM for graphs (A, B), and median ± IQR for graphs (C, D). Statistics were performed on log-transformed data for LV mass index as these showed the closest to normal distribution, but on untransformed data for graph (C) as transformation did not achieve closer-to-normal distribution. Statistical analysis was performed as described in “Methods” with *P<0.05; **P<0.01.