All articles of this category A simple and efficient preparation of 1-substituted 1 H -azoles (imidazole and benzimidazole) has been developed, which involves a selective Hofmann-type elimination of the 2-cyanoethyl group from the azolium salts obtained by the reaction of halides with 1 H -imidazole-1-propanenitrile and 1 H -benzimidazole-1-propanenitrile. Overall yields of 1-substituted 1 H -azoles decreased in the order: primary alkyl halides ≥ allylhalides ≥ secondary alkyl halides > benzyl halides > α-keto halides, in relation to the alkylating agent, and imidazole > benzimidazole, in relation to the azole, respectively.
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András Horváth (1994) studied this question.