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October 10, 2023JMIR AgingOpen Access

Within-Person Associations of Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity With Time-Varying Determinants in Older Adults: Time-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

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Why the study?

Physical activity interventions often lack dynamic tailoring to contextual and time-varying determinants, limiting their effectiveness in older adults.

Population

64 healthy older adults

Comparison

Ecological momentary assessment-derived determinants and subsequent physical activity

Design

Observational time-based ecological momentary assessment study

Key result

A 1-unit increase in intention was associated with 33% higher odds of performing any light physical activity in the 15 minutes following an ecological momentary assessment trigger.

Authors

IMIris MaesLMLieze MertensLPLouise Poppe

Discussion

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Overview

Identifies time-varying PA determinants in older adults; leaves open whether dynamic tailoring improves intervention effectiveness.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=64)

Structured PICO

P
Population
64 healthy older adults aged 65 to 86 years were monitored for 7 consecutive days using ecological momentary assessment and accelerometry to evaluate time-varying determinants of physical activity.
O
Outcome
Accelerometer-assessed light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and total physical activity (TPA) performed at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) triggersurrogate

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.33 (95% CI 1.26–1.41)

p-value: p=<0.001

Time-varying psychosocial determinants such as intention, self-efficacy, and emotions are significantly associated with subsequent physical activity in older adults, suggesting potential targets for just-in-time adaptive interventions.

Limitations

  • Nonprobability sampling limits generalizability of the study results.
  • Physical activity was only considered as an outcome variable, not as a predictor of subsequent determinants.
  • Possible overlap between triggers if there was less than 2 hours between them.
  • Psychometric information was unavailable for some of the specifically developed EMA items.
  • Possible confounders such as preceding physical activity or sleep were not considered.
  • Possible overestimation of physical activity from using wrist-worn accelerometers.

Cite This Study

Maes et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Healthy older adults (n=64). Time-varying determinants (e.g., intention, self-efficacy, emotions, fatigue) vs. Within-person variations (lower vs higher levels of determinants) was evaluated on Odds of performing any light physical activity (LPA) in the 15 minutes after the trigger per 1-unit increase in intention (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.26-1.41, p=<0.001). A 1-unit increase in intention was associated with 33% higher odds of performing any light physical activity in the 15 minutes following an ecological momentary assessment trigger.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd42b13d9fd6ac65cc18bhttps://doi.org/10.2196/44425
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