Key result
A 1-unit increase in intention was associated with 33% higher odds of performing any light physical activity in the 15 minutes following an ecological momentary assessment trigger.
Why the study?
Physical activity interventions often lack dynamic tailoring to contextual and time-varying determinants, limiting their effectiveness in older adults.
Observational (n=64)
Time-varying psychosocial determinants such as intention, self-efficacy, and emotions are significantly associated with subsequent physical activity in older adults, suggesting potential targets for just-in-time adaptive interventions.
Identifies time-varying PA determinants in older adults; leaves open whether dynamic tailoring improves intervention effectiveness.
BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of physical activity (PA) interventions, many older adults are still not active enough. This might be partially explained by the often-limited effects of PA interventions. In general, health behavior change interventions often do not focus on contextual and time-varying determinants, which may limit their effectiveness. However, before the dynamic tailoring of interventions can be developed, one should know which time-dependent determinants are associated with PA and how strong these associations are. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine within-person associations between multiple determinants of the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior framework assessed using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and accelerometer-assessed light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA performed at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the EMA trigger. METHODS: Observational data were collected from 64 healthy older adults (36/64, 56% men; mean age 72.1, SD 5.6 y). Participants were asked to answer a time-based EMA questionnaire 6 times per day that assessed emotions (ie, relaxation, satisfaction, irritation, and feeling down), the physical complaint fatigue, intention, intention, and self-efficacy. An Axivity AX3 was wrist worn to capture the participants' PA. Multilevel regression analyses in R were performed to examine these within-person associations. RESULTS: Irritation, feeling down, intention, and self-efficacy were positively associated with subsequent light PA or moderate to vigorous PA at 15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes after the trigger, whereas relaxation, satisfaction, and fatigue were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple associations were observed in this study. This knowledge in combination with the time dependency of the determinants is valuable information for future interventions so that suggestions to be active can be provided when the older adult is most receptive.
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Maes et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Healthy older adults (n=64). Time-varying determinants (e.g., intention, self-efficacy, emotions, fatigue) vs. Within-person variations (lower vs higher levels of determinants) was evaluated on Odds of performing any light physical activity (LPA) in the 15 minutes after the trigger per 1-unit increase in intention (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.26-1.41, p=<0.001). A 1-unit increase in intention was associated with 33% higher odds of performing any light physical activity in the 15 minutes following an ecological momentary assessment trigger.
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