Theoretical analysis characterizes connectedness, traversability, and planarity in essential graphs of abelian groups, revealing how divisor subgroups govern algebraic graph structures.
The essential graph of an abelian group G, denoted by ε(G), is an undirected graph with vertex set as the collection of all non-trivial proper subgroups of G and any two distinct vertices A and B are adjacent if and only if $AB$ is an essential subgroup of G. We discuss connectedness, traversability and planarity of ε(G). The concept of a divisor subgroup with respect to a subgroup of G is introduced, whose effect is observed in some of the characterizations of ε(G).
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Hazarika et al. (2026) studied this question.
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