Vessel-like Channeled Superelastic and Biocompatible Aerogels for Acoustic Absorption and Oil Removal

Modern industrialization and urbanization have led to environmental challenges, including noise pollution and water contamination, which threaten ecosystems and human health. Current materials designed to address these issues are limited in performance and functionality. In this study, vessel-like channeled cellulose aerogels (VCAs) with hierarchical and anisotropic pore structures were proposed. These aerogels exhibited an ultralow density of 1.5 mg cm−3 (VCAs-0.1) with negative Poisson's ratio behavior and superelasticity at liquid nitrogen temperature. Additionally, VCAs-0.4 demonstrated efficient sound-absorbing performance with a noise reduction coefficient of 0.47 under low areal density (11.17 mg cm−2). VCAs-0.2 exhibited a chloroform absorption capacity of 384 g g−1 and a thermal conductivity of 24.3 mW m−1 K−1. The aerogels further exhibited preliminary in vitro cytocompatibility and degradation under the tested soil burial conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of VCAs as multifunctional porous materials for acoustic control and environmental remediation.