Valorization of Horsehair from Seasonal Coat Shedding: Lipid Extraction by Supercritical CO2 and Processing into Nonwovens

Horsehair generated during seasonal coat shedding represents an underutilized biogenic by-product with potential for textile valorization. In this Communication, we present a first proof-of-concept investigation of the suitability of equine body hair as a raw material for nonwoven production. Hair samples collected during the spring shedding period (March–May) were analyzed for their morphology, fiber dimensions, elemental composition, lipid content, and processing behavior. Pretreatment methods included cleaning and washing, solvent-based degreasing using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and lipid extraction using supercritical CO2. Fiber processing trials were conducted using manual and industrial nonwoven formation techniques, followed by mechanical consolidation through needle punching and hydroentanglement. While the results demonstrate that horsehair can be processed into nonwoven structures, pure horsehair webs showed limited fiber cohesion and surface fiber shedding. Blended nonwovens containing Lyocell and sheep wool as well as multilayer structures were therefore produced and showed improved handling and reduced fiber release. In addition, preliminary supercritical CO2 extraction trials demonstrated the recovery of a substantial lipid-rich fraction, indicating the potential to combine extraction and subsequent fiber utilization within a preliminary cascade valorization strategy. Our study establishes the technical feasibility of this approach while identifying limitations requiring further investigation, particularly quantitative mechanical and functional characterization, optimization of fiber cohesion, chemical characterization of the recovered extract, and environmental and economic assessment.