Observational analysis demonstrates sex-specific neurodevelopmental deficits in toddlers exposed to prenatal air pollution, highlighting targets for early cognitive intervention.
had a negative effect on females in the domains of communication, gross motor functioning, and social-emotional skills. By identifying sex-specific developmental sub-domains that are affected by air pollutants, this study provides a foundation for further investigating the sex-specific effects of pollutants. These findings can also inform early detection protocols for cognitive and behavioral difficulties and support the development of interventions to optimize neurodevelopment in children.
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Ramjan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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