Translation and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of The Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2)

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the preliminary psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2). The adaptation process included forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert review, readability assessment, and psychometric testing involving 236 Indonesian adults. Expert ratings indicated excellent inter-rater agreement for conceptual equivalence (ICC = 0.93) and good agreement for linguistic equivalence (ICC = 0.86). The readability assessment also showed good agreement regarding item clarity and comprehensibility (ICC = 0.83). Reliability analysis indicated high internal consistency for the overall instrument (Cronbach’s α = 0.936; McDonald’s ω = 0.946). Confirmatory factor analysis provided partial support for the proposed factor structure. The RMSEA (0.059) and SRMR (0.074) indicated an acceptable approximation of model fit, whereas the CFI (0.875) and TLI (0.859) were below commonly recommended thresholds. These findings suggest that the Indonesian EMI-2 has strong internal consistency and satisfactory linguistic and conceptual equivalence. However, its factorial validity requires further examination in larger and more diverse samples before the instrument can be recommended for widespread use.