Effects of Mulching Measures on Growth of Haloxylon ammodendron Seedlings in an Arid Mining Area

To explore the suitable surface mulching measures for vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas in arid regions, this study investigated the water conservation effects of various surface mulching practices on H. ammodendron restoration in arid mining zones. The results showed that (1) The survival rates of sandalwood under different coverage measures are ranked as follows: coal gangue mulching > control > fine sand mulching > liquid film mulching > agricultural plastic film mulching. (2) Different mulching measures had a significant effect on the height growth of H. ammodendron (p = 0.001) (p < 0.05). The agricultural plastic film group yielded the greatest annual increments in plant height and crown width (36.50 cm and 33.49 cm, respectively), with agricultural plastic film and fine sand exhibiting superior water retention capacity. (3) Overall, each mulching practice had distinct advantages and drawbacks. Agricultural plastic film mulching achieved the best plant growth-promoting effect yet suffered from soil contamination and high costs. Coal gangue mulching, capable of solid waste recycling while delivering favorable restoration outcomes, was the preferred option for vegetation restoration in local mining areas. These findings provide technical references and practical support for vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas of arid regions.