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September 8, 2026Green Technology Resilience and SustainabilityOpen Access

Food waste valorisation for a circular bioeconomy: integrating biochemical, thermochemical, and digital technologies with sustainability metrics

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Authors

ADAbhijeet DasSMSatchidananda MishraKBKrishna Pada Bauri

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Overview

Systematic review reveals integrated biorefineries optimize food waste valorisation across agri-food chains, highlighting the need for digital tools and standardized sustainability metrics.

Key Points

  • Evaluate biochemical, thermochemical, and integrated biorefinery pathways for food waste valorisation while examining life cycle sustainability metrics and digital optimization tools.
  • Conducted a PRISMA-guided literature review across major scientific databases analyzing technological readiness, resource recovery, and environmental performance.
  • Evaluated individual and hybrid conversion pathways, including anaerobic digestion, fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and gasification.
  • Assessed system integration using life cycle assessment frameworks alongside digital innovations such as artificial intelligence and Internet of Things sensor platforms.
  • Integrated biorefinery systems achieved superior resource recovery and broader product diversification compared with single-technology conversion routes.
  • Optimal technology performance depended heavily on feedstock characteristics and regional infrastructure rather than a universally superior single method.
  • Major scaling challenges included variable feedstock quality, inadequate processing infrastructure, fragmented regulations, and inconsistent sustainability assessment standards.

Cite This Study

Das et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9fd83b58e84d0ff5b47ad6https://doi.org/10.1007/s44173-026-00037-9
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