Dynamical Transition from a Quasi-One-Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Tonks-Girardeau Gas

We analyze in detail the expansion of a 1D Bose gas after removing the axial confinement. We show that during its one-dimensional expansion the density of the Bose gas does not follow a self-similar solution. Our analysis is based on a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable nonlinearity whose validity is discussed for the expansion problem, by comparing with an exact Bose-Fermi mapping for the case of an initial Tonks-Girardeau gas. For this case, the gas is shown to expand self-similarly, with a different scaling law compared to the one-dimensional Thomas-Fermi condensate.