Porous ceramics of hydroxyapatite was fabricated utilizing the crystal growth of thin ice columns parallel to one another in gelatin gel containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The obtained ceramics possessed unidirectional pore channels with a porosity of around 75% and showed compressive strength of up to 13.1 MPa. As control materials, porous hydroxyapatite ceramics with a directionless pore structure were also fabricated by isotropic freezing and compared with the unidirectional samples regarding compressive strength and tissue reaction in vivo. Although the porosity and pore size distribution were similar, the compressive strength and new bone formation ability of the unidirectional samples were significantly greater than those of the random structured porous ceramics.
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Suetsugu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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