Enhanced efficiency parameters of solution-processable small-molecule bulk-heterojunction solar cells are successfully achieved using ITO substrate with a sheet resistance of 5 Ω/□. The PCE of the device with a 5 Ω/□-ITO shows 8.24% with enhanced JSC of 14.74 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 72.4%. Furthermore, the PCE and FF values are optimized and reproducible due to an improved shunt resistance and a reduced series resistance of the small molecule solar cells.
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Wang et al. (2013) studied this question.
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