It is now common for many reciprocating compressors to operate non-lubricated, and the performance of packing seals can often be crucial in determining the environmental emissions and service interval for the machine. By careful formulation and selection of filler materials, the self-lubricating properties of filled PTFE materials have been improved to give longer lifetimes, especially in dry gases. Parallel detailed analysis of seal ring function has permitted optimization of the design using pressure balancing to reduce friction and wear.
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C.J. Radcliffe (2005) studied this question.
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