Magnetically induced bistable behavior of ferronematic liquid crystals

In the framework of the modified model [S. V. Burylov and A. N. Zakhlevnykh, Phys. Rev. E 88, 012511 (2013)] of soft ferronematic liquid crystals, i.e., suspensions of needlelike ferroparticles in nematic solvents, we consider the ferronematic states with different mutual orientations of the director and magnetization. We study the transitions between states in an external magnetic field and show that these transitions are characterized by either continuous or discontinuous changes in the order parameter; i.e., they can be both the second-order and the first-order, respectively. In the latter case the magnetic field induced orientational hysteresis arises, which can be observed in experiments on the birefringence of ferronematic liquid crystals.