Orthonormal aberration polynomials for optical systems with circular and annular sector pupils

Using the Zernike circle polynomials as the basis functions, we obtain the orthonormal polynomials for optical systems with circular and annular sector pupils by the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. These polynomials represent balanced aberrations yielding minimum variance of the classical aberrations of rotationally symmetric systems. Use of the polynomials obtained is illustrated with numerical examples.