Graphical design method for unequal power dividers based on phase-balanced SIW tee-junctions

This paper presents a detailed procedure to design substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Tee-junctions with wide-range split-power ratio (from 1:1 to 1:8) and phase-balanced outputs. A set of curves was generated using an electromagnetic (EM) simulator to graphically determine the required parameters for the desired junction. Since such curves are provided, no further electromagnetic simulation is required when applying the proposed method. Input return loss at central frequency is guaranteed to be better than 18 dB. If an optimization procedure is required, the parameters obtained from this methodology may be used as initial values for such a process. Moreover, design rules are given for implementing 1 → 2Nunequal power dividers with phase-balanced outputs. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed graphical method, three implementation examples are provided: two Tee-junctions and a 1 → 4 power divider.