Templating Effects of α-Sexithiophene in Donor–Acceptor Organic Thin Films

Small-molecule organic photovoltaic cells often employ a planar heterojunction (PHJ) geometry where the electron donor and acceptor materials are stacked one on top of the other. The thin-film growth scenario of such PHJs can be very different from the one of a single compound on a bare substrate. We have investigated the growth of PHJs, consisting of two different donor–acceptor pairs, namely, α-sexithiophene (6T)/C 60 and 6T/diindenoperylene (DIP) using real-time in situ X-ray scattering. For both donor–acceptor material combinations, we observe that the coherent in-plane crystalline size of the second material strongly correlates with the one of the bottom one, and hence a strong templating effect of the 6T on the material deposited subsequently, indicating a strong interaction between the two materials in the PHJ. Furthermore, a change in the structure of the 6T film during the deposition of the second material was observed, which shows that the deposition of an additional material on top of a templating layer can partially change the crystal structure of the templating film itself.