Difference-in-differences analysis reveals increased exporter delivery obligations under antidumping duties in import markets, indicating contractual adaptation to preserve market access.
This study examines the impact of antidumping (AD) policy on delivery terms in international trade transactions, focusing on INCOTERMS (contractual clauses allocating responsibilities). Using a three-dimensional dataset (country-HS6-product-year) on INCOTERMS selection in imports and detailed records of antidumping measures from Turkey, we show that antidumping duties increase the share of imports conducted under C and D terms, under which the exporter bears greater responsibility for shipping, insurance and delivery. By employing a difference-in-difference (DID) method, the article estimates that compared to a control group of non-targeted country-product pairs, affected exporters are more likely to take on transportation, insurance, and delivery costs in response to competitive pressure arising from discriminatory trade policy. These findings highlight an important but previously overlooked channel through which trade policy influences the contractual structure of international transactions demonstrating exporters strategically modify delivery responsibilities to maintain their market access under discriminatory trade policies. The results remain robust across control group constructions in different methods.
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Avşar et al. (2025) studied this question.
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