C–Al Parallel Plate Dynode Electron Multiplier

An easy method of making a parallel plate electron multiplier, which is used for detection of x rays, electron beams, and charged particles, is developed. The multiplier consists of two continuous dynodes, which are prepared by evaporating aluminum onto glass substrates on which carbon has been evaporated in advance. The gain is in the range of 108 to 109, when the applied voltage is 3 kV. Some of the features are quite good linearity of response except for the saturation region, extremely small noise and long lifetime, and ease in handling. It also can be used for pulse counting techniques.