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The bond-charge model, originally devised to calculate the phonon spectrum of bulk semiconductors and extended with success to describe the vibrations of graphite and fullerenes C₆₀ and C₇₀, is applied to calculate the normal modes of vibration of small carbon aggregates, as the smallest fullerene (C₂₀), and odd-numbered linear and cyclic Cₙ clusters $(n=5--19).$ The resulting spectra provide a satisfactory account of the experimental findings and are in overall agreement with the results of ab initio calculations.
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Breda et al. (1998) studied this question.
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