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The material is presented for those who intend to use polarization modulation and phase-sensitive detection methods in their work. The know-how is presented on optical and electric components used in polarization-modulation instruments. Three essentials in polarization-modulation spectroscopy-the Mueller matrix approach, the photoelastic modulator (PEM), and the phase-sensitive detection method-are intensively discussed. How versatile and powerful the Mueller matrix approach is in the analysis, evaluation, and understanding of problems associated with polarization-modulation measurements is shown. Use of the Mueller matrix approach in the interpretation and design of experiments in polarization modulation spectroscopy is recommended
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Yohji Shindo (1995) studied this question.
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