Staying in line: Aqueous colloids (particle diameter 10–500 nm) are directionally frozen and freeze-dried to produce aligned microwires, which can be fused together by heat treatment with complete retention of the morphology. The method is generic: by controlling surface charge, the approach can be applied to metals, metal oxides, and organic polymers. A single microwire formed by the assembly of polystyrene colloids is shown.
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Zhang et al. (2008) studied this question.
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