Implementation and validation of DualSPHysics v5.4 for the simulation of four representative benchmarks of wave energy converters

This article describes the numerical framework implemented in DualSPHysics v5.4 for the high-fidelity simulation of wave energy converters (WECs), providing systematic re-validation, under a single current code version and with open-access input files, of four experimental benchmarks representative of the current state of the art in WEC technology. The framework integrates Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for fluid dynamics, coupled with Project Chrono for rigid body and multibody dynamics, MoorDynPlus for mooring line dynamics, combined with a suite of wave generation tools. The four validated WEC configurations cover a broad range of device types, mooring arrangements, and power take-off systems. Quantitative agreement with experimental data is assessed using the normalized root mean squared error for three spatial resolutions for each case. All input files, executable configurations, and reference data series are made openly available under a CC BY 4.0 license. • A multiphysics SPH-based simulation framework for wave energy converters, coupling fluid dynamics, rigid body motion, mooring dynamics, and power take-off behavior. • Systematic validation against four experimental WEC benchmarks at three spatial resolutions. • Simulation templates to support reproducibility with DualSPHysics.