High resolution spectral measurements on a commercial VCSEL array are reported. The authors observe frequency splittings that result from birefringence, typically 3–22 GHz, and from transverse anisotropy between differently oriented first-order modes, typically 3–17 GHz. The spectral splittings between the various transverse modes are found to be independent of polarisation.
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Doorn et al. (1994) studied this question.
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