Types of periocular wrinkles based on anatomical and contractile characteristics of participating periocular muscles: A modified classification method and personalized injection technique

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BACKGROUND: Clinical classification methods for periocular wrinkles based on participating muscle behavior are lacking, and traditional treatment lacks detailed and individualized methods. AIMS: This study aimed to propose a modified classification system and individualized treatment for periocular wrinkles based on the participating muscles. PATIENTS/METHODS: Periocular wrinkles were classified into types I.I, I.II, I.III, II, and III. A personalized treatment pattern with a multipoint, low-dose technique was developed based on wrinkle classification and severity. Standard photographs were taken and assessments made at follow-up to evaluate wrinkle severity. RESULTS: Wrinkle severity was reduced at 1 and 3 months after periorbital botulinum toxin injection, and no serious adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Periorbital wrinkles were classified according to participating muscles. The modified injection pattern was individualized, effective, and safe for the treatment of periorbital wrinkles.