Single crystal ZnO wurtzite nanowires grown along the c- axis with diameters down to 4 nm were synthesized by a catalytic vapor transport technique. Photoluminescence spectra of these wires indicate a blue shift of the free exciton by 19 meV due to confinement. This result was obtained by analyzing the line shape of the blue- shifted LO phonon replica of the free exciton. In addition, a surface- related excitonic luminescence feature centered at 3.366 eV was observed with a strongly elevated thermal activation energy.
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Stichtenoth et al. (2007) studied this question.
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