Six 1′,1″-alkanediyl-bis(1′-alkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) tetraquaternary salts have been prepared and their reduction and redox properties studied by polarography and cyclic voltammetry. They are reduced to radical trications and diradical dications at potentials (Ec) of about -0.20 V and -0.35 V, respectively.
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Attalla et al. (1984) studied this question.