Fertilization of a pristine tundra river with phosphorus and nitrogen changed the nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios in epilithic algae. Determination of δ15N and δ'3C values in consumers allowed this algal organic matter to be traced in the food web for several kilometers downstream of the fertilizer addition sites. Changes in the isotopic composition of consumers documented the tight coupling between algal production in response to fertilization and measured increases in the growth of insects and fish.
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Peterson et al. (1993) studied this question.
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