Isentropic compression of hydrogen: Probing conditions deep in planetary interiors

We perform ab initio calculations for the equation of state of dense liquid hydrogen and deuterium using quantum molecular dynamics simulations based on finite-temperature density functional theory. This extensive data set allows us to determine specific density-temperature-pressure tracks such as the cold curve, precompressed and principal Hugoniot curves, and isentropes which are essential for the analysis and interpretation of high-pressure experiments. In this study we focus on conditions probed by recent quasi-isentropic shock compression experiments that have reached a so-far unprecedented 108-fold compression of gaseous deuterium. As these states of matter are relevant for the deep interior of Jupiter-like exoplanets we simultaneously give predictions for their isentropes.