Key result
Current smoking was significantly associated with cognitive impairment compared to never smoking (OR 0.629), an effect that was significantly attenuated by leisure-time physical activity.
Why the study?
The study was designed to examine the relationship between physical activity, smoking status, and cognitive function, and to test the potential moderating role of physical activity.
Does physical activity moderate the association between smoking status and cognitive function in older adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=1,735)
Does physical activity moderate the association between smoking status and cognitive function in older adults?
Odds Ratio: 0.629 (95% CI 0.421–0.941)
p-value: p=<0.05
Leisure-time physical activity may attenuate the decline in cognitive function associated with current smoking in older adults.
Smoking-cognition link may be modifiable by activity; cross-sectional data leave open causality and preclude practice change.
Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity, smoking status and cognitive function, and to test the potential moderating role of physical activity. Methods This cross-sectional study used data on smoking status, cognitive function and physical activity from 1735 participants aged 60 years and older in NHANES from 2011 to 2014. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between smoking status and cognitive function. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to examine the role of physical activity in this association. Results Former smokers scored on average 2.090 points higher on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) compared to never smokers (95% CI 0.755, 3.472; P < 0.05), while logistic regression showed that current smokers had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.629 for cognitive impairment compared to never smokers (95% CI 0.421, 0.941). No significant associations were observed between smoking status and CERAD and AFT. Moderation analysis showed that leisure-time physical activity significantly attenuated the effect of smoking on DSST scores in current smokers compared to never smokers (β = -2.014, P < 0.05). Conclusion There was a significant correlation between smoking status, physical activity and DSST scores.Although the mediating effect of leisure-time physical activity in the association between smoking status and cognitive function is not significant, it attenuates the decline in DSST scores in current smokers.
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Chen et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Cognitive impairment (n=1,735). Current smoking vs. Never smoking was evaluated on Cognitive impairment (OR 0.629, 95% CI 0.421-0.941, p=<0.05). Current smoking was significantly associated with cognitive impairment compared to never smoking (OR 0.629), an effect that was significantly attenuated by leisure-time physical activity.
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