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A numerical and experimental study is made of the characteristics of three-dimensi onal fountain flows generated by the impingement of two- or three-axisymm etric turbulent jets on a ground plane through the influence of a low-velocity crossflow. This study provides a basis to understanding more complex flowfields in numerous practical situations including jet-powered vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft. The simulations are based on the solution of the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k-e turbulence model. The computed results are compared with laser-Doppler measurements and visualization results for the cases of two and three jets impinging on a flat plate located at five jet diameters from the jet exit, and a velocity ratio between the jet and crossflow of 30. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results show generally good agreement for the mean flowfield quantities.
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Jorge Barata (1993) studied this question.
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