The ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dynamic mechanical properties of uniaxially oriented films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVF2, undoped and doped with a plasticizer, tricresyl phosphate (TCP), were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies were carried out and show that for uniaxially oriented films, as dopant concentration increased, the percentage of nonpolar α-phase increased. These results also confirmed previous studies that indicate that the dopant resides in the amorphous regions. The piezoelectric coefficients (d31 and e31), pyroelectric coefficient (py), and remanent polarization (Pr) were observed to be enhanced by doping with TCP. Measurements of the pyroelectric coefficient, py, showed that the dopant produced a large increase in py from 19.6 to 28.5 μC/m2/K, suggesting an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient, α3. The data also suggest that a small amount of dopant in the noncrystalline regions greatly enhanced the high-temperature stability of the remanent polarization.
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Winsor et al. (1996) studied this question.