Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long term effect of calcium hydroxide-glycerin combination on the microhardness of human radicular dentin. Materials and methodology: One hundred and fifty freshly extracted single rooted human premolars were used in this study. All the teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction and the root canals were instrumented with protaper rotary files. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups with 50 teeth in each group, where group I and II had teeth with calcium hydroxide application for 30 and 90 days respectively and group III had teeth with saline application for 90 days. The teeth in all the groups were sectioned longitudinally into two equal slabs and then subjected to Vickers microhardness testing.Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed with the aid of SPSS v 12.0 software and the data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: There was a significant reduction (p<0.001) in the hardness values of specimens in Group-II (44.53 HV) as compared to Group-I – 57.87 HV and Group-III – 68.91 HV. Conclusion: The reduction in hardness can be attributed to the prolonged application of Calcium hydroxide, which can have a detrimental effect on the teeth making it more vulnerable to fracture.
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