A tissue-based amperometric biosensor for xanthine determination has been developed. The biosensor uses a carbon paste electrode (CPE) which contains buttermilk (BTM) as source of xanthine oxidase (XOD) (EC.1.1.3.2.2.) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) as mediator. The system is also mediated with ferricyanide in solution to obtain a double-mediated biosensor. The effect of various variables upon the response was studied. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 1–15 mM xanthine. The optimum operational pH range for the electrode is 8.0–9.0. Reproducibility was studied and a relative standard deviation (rsd) of 10.26 % was found. After 60 days the normalized response of the BTM-modified electrode was 60 % of the first day.
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Kilinç et al. (1998) studied this question.
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