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Modulation instability is shown to be a general property of a wave in a nonlinear and dispersive medium when the modulation is allowed in the direction oblique to that of the wave phase velocity. As an example a modulation on an ion-acoustic wave is shown to be unstable even if this wave is modulationally stable in the case of parallel or perpendicular modulation.
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Kako et al. (1976) studied this question.
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