Ion implantation technique is used to study the magnetic properties of Cu-doped ZnO. The room temperature ferromagnetism in the Cu-implanted ZnO samples is observed. From the photoluminescence spectrum of implanted samples we observe a broad green emission around 510 nm, which is related to defects in the samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement shows that Cu ions are in the mixed oxidation state of +1 or +2 and substitute for the Zn 2+ ions of the ZnO matrix. We argue that the ferromagnetism is related to these defects, and the substitution of Cu 2+ into Zn 2+ sites in crystal ZnO could contribute to the observed ferromagnetism.
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Li et al. (2010) studied this question.
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