Depression and anxiety are two of the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide, affecting millions of individuals across various age groups, and social categories. While the origins of these disorders are complex and multifaceted, recent advancements in Neuroscience provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development and maintenance of mood and anxiety disorders. This review delves into the intricate interplay of neurobiological factors involved in these mental disorders, shedding light on the neural pathways, neurotransmitters, and structural/functional circuit changes that contribute to their manifestations. A special focus is given on new and upcoming insights in Neuroscience that emerge from a deeper understanding of the complex interplay of biological and environmental factors that takes place at a multi-scale level, from genes to behaviors.
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A 2023 study studied this question.