Comparative study on heat and mass transfer performance of ternary hybrid nanoliquid over an exponentially stretching surface

Nowadays, enhanced heat transfer in conventional liquids is a major task in several nanotechnological applications. This work addresses the above issue by exploring the intuition behind hybrid nanoliquids by augmenting the thermal conductivity of a conventional liquid. For this, we performed a comparative analysis to evaluate the superior heat conduction properties of the three diverse solutions, namely nanoliquid, hybrid nanoliquid and ternary hybrid nanoliquid flow above an exponentially stretched surface under the action of uneven heat rise/fall effects. For the estimation of the enhanced thermal conductivity, three distinct systems were analyzed: a water-based Al nanofluid (NF), an Al+AA7072 hybrid mixture (HNF), and a tri-hybrid composition (THNF) consisting of Al+AA7072+AA7075, and we discussed the results in detail using simultaneous outcomes. The transformed governing equations are solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp5c solver. The influences of magnetic field, thermal radiation, non-uniform heat source/sink, chemical reaction, and nanoparticle volume fraction on the velocity, temperature, concentration, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the ternary hybrid nanoliquid exhibits superior heat- and mass-transfer performance compared with the corresponding hybrid and mono nanofluids.